.. DO NOT EDIT. .. THIS FILE WAS AUTOMATICALLY GENERATED BY SPHINX-GALLERY. .. TO MAKE CHANGES, EDIT THE SOURCE PYTHON FILE: .. "auto_examples/neural_networks/plot_mlp_training_curves.py" .. LINE NUMBERS ARE GIVEN BELOW. .. only:: html .. note:: :class: sphx-glr-download-link-note :ref:`Go to the end ` to download the full example code. or to run this example in your browser via Binder .. rst-class:: sphx-glr-example-title .. _sphx_glr_auto_examples_neural_networks_plot_mlp_training_curves.py: ======================================================== Compare Stochastic learning strategies for MLPClassifier ======================================================== This example visualizes some training loss curves for different stochastic learning strategies, including SGD and Adam. Because of time-constraints, we use several small datasets, for which L-BFGS might be more suitable. The general trend shown in these examples seems to carry over to larger datasets, however. Note that those results can be highly dependent on the value of ``learning_rate_init``. .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 16-145 .. image-sg:: /auto_examples/neural_networks/images/sphx_glr_plot_mlp_training_curves_001.png :alt: iris, digits, circles, moons :srcset: /auto_examples/neural_networks/images/sphx_glr_plot_mlp_training_curves_001.png :class: sphx-glr-single-img .. rst-class:: sphx-glr-script-out .. code-block:: none learning on dataset iris training: constant learning-rate Training set score: 0.980000 Training set loss: 0.096950 training: constant with momentum Training set score: 0.980000 Training set loss: 0.049530 training: constant with Nesterov's momentum Training set score: 0.980000 Training set loss: 0.049540 training: inv-scaling learning-rate Training set score: 0.360000 Training set loss: 0.978444 training: inv-scaling with momentum Training set score: 0.860000 Training set loss: 0.504185 training: inv-scaling with Nesterov's momentum Training set score: 0.860000 Training set loss: 0.503452 training: adam Training set score: 0.980000 Training set loss: 0.045311 learning on dataset digits training: constant learning-rate Training set score: 0.956038 Training set loss: 0.243802 training: constant with momentum Training set score: 0.992766 Training set loss: 0.041297 training: constant with Nesterov's momentum Training set score: 0.993879 Training set loss: 0.042898 training: inv-scaling learning-rate Training set score: 0.638843 Training set loss: 1.855465 training: inv-scaling with momentum Training set score: 0.909293 Training set loss: 0.318387 training: inv-scaling with Nesterov's momentum Training set score: 0.912632 Training set loss: 0.290584 training: adam Training set score: 0.991653 Training set loss: 0.045934 learning on dataset circles training: constant learning-rate Training set score: 0.840000 Training set loss: 0.601052 training: constant with momentum Training set score: 0.940000 Training set loss: 0.157334 training: constant with Nesterov's momentum Training set score: 0.940000 Training set loss: 0.154453 training: inv-scaling learning-rate Training set score: 0.500000 Training set loss: 0.692470 training: inv-scaling with momentum Training set score: 0.500000 Training set loss: 0.689751 training: inv-scaling with Nesterov's momentum Training set score: 0.500000 Training set loss: 0.689143 training: adam Training set score: 0.940000 Training set loss: 0.150527 learning on dataset moons training: constant learning-rate Training set score: 0.850000 Training set loss: 0.341523 training: constant with momentum Training set score: 0.850000 Training set loss: 0.336188 training: constant with Nesterov's momentum Training set score: 0.850000 Training set loss: 0.335919 training: inv-scaling learning-rate Training set score: 0.500000 Training set loss: 0.689015 training: inv-scaling with momentum Training set score: 0.830000 Training set loss: 0.513034 training: inv-scaling with Nesterov's momentum Training set score: 0.830000 Training set loss: 0.512595 training: adam Training set score: 0.930000 Training set loss: 0.170087 | .. code-block:: Python # Authors: The scikit-learn developers # SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause import warnings import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from sklearn import datasets from sklearn.exceptions import ConvergenceWarning from sklearn.neural_network import MLPClassifier from sklearn.preprocessing import MinMaxScaler # different learning rate schedules and momentum parameters params = [ { "solver": "sgd", "learning_rate": "constant", "momentum": 0, "learning_rate_init": 0.2, }, { "solver": "sgd", "learning_rate": "constant", "momentum": 0.9, "nesterovs_momentum": False, "learning_rate_init": 0.2, }, { "solver": "sgd", "learning_rate": "constant", "momentum": 0.9, "nesterovs_momentum": True, "learning_rate_init": 0.2, }, { "solver": "sgd", "learning_rate": "invscaling", "momentum": 0, "learning_rate_init": 0.2, }, { "solver": "sgd", "learning_rate": "invscaling", "momentum": 0.9, "nesterovs_momentum": False, "learning_rate_init": 0.2, }, { "solver": "sgd", "learning_rate": "invscaling", "momentum": 0.9, "nesterovs_momentum": True, "learning_rate_init": 0.2, }, {"solver": "adam", "learning_rate_init": 0.01}, ] labels = [ "constant learning-rate", "constant with momentum", "constant with Nesterov's momentum", "inv-scaling learning-rate", "inv-scaling with momentum", "inv-scaling with Nesterov's momentum", "adam", ] plot_args = [ {"c": "red", "linestyle": "-"}, {"c": "green", "linestyle": "-"}, {"c": "blue", "linestyle": "-"}, {"c": "red", "linestyle": "--"}, {"c": "green", "linestyle": "--"}, {"c": "blue", "linestyle": "--"}, {"c": "black", "linestyle": "-"}, ] def plot_on_dataset(X, y, ax, name): # for each dataset, plot learning for each learning strategy print("\nlearning on dataset %s" % name) ax.set_title(name) X = MinMaxScaler().fit_transform(X) mlps = [] if name == "digits": # digits is larger but converges fairly quickly max_iter = 15 else: max_iter = 400 for label, param in zip(labels, params): print("training: %s" % label) mlp = MLPClassifier(random_state=0, max_iter=max_iter, **param) # some parameter combinations will not converge as can be seen on the # plots so they are ignored here with warnings.catch_warnings(): warnings.filterwarnings( "ignore", category=ConvergenceWarning, module="sklearn" ) mlp.fit(X, y) mlps.append(mlp) print("Training set score: %f" % mlp.score(X, y)) print("Training set loss: %f" % mlp.loss_) for mlp, label, args in zip(mlps, labels, plot_args): ax.plot(mlp.loss_curve_, label=label, **args) fig, axes = plt.subplots(2, 2, figsize=(15, 10)) # load / generate some toy datasets iris = datasets.load_iris() X_digits, y_digits = datasets.load_digits(return_X_y=True) data_sets = [ (iris.data, iris.target), (X_digits, y_digits), datasets.make_circles(noise=0.2, factor=0.5, random_state=1), datasets.make_moons(noise=0.3, random_state=0), ] for ax, data, name in zip( axes.ravel(), data_sets, ["iris", "digits", "circles", "moons"] ): plot_on_dataset(*data, ax=ax, name=name) fig.legend(ax.get_lines(), labels, ncol=3, loc="upper center") plt.show() .. rst-class:: sphx-glr-timing **Total running time of the script:** (0 minutes 2.631 seconds) .. _sphx_glr_download_auto_examples_neural_networks_plot_mlp_training_curves.py: .. only:: html .. container:: sphx-glr-footer sphx-glr-footer-example .. container:: binder-badge .. image:: images/binder_badge_logo.svg :target: https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/scikit-learn/scikit-learn/main?urlpath=lab/tree/notebooks/auto_examples/neural_networks/plot_mlp_training_curves.ipynb :alt: Launch binder :width: 150 px .. container:: sphx-glr-download sphx-glr-download-jupyter :download:`Download Jupyter notebook: plot_mlp_training_curves.ipynb ` .. container:: sphx-glr-download sphx-glr-download-python :download:`Download Python source code: plot_mlp_training_curves.py ` .. container:: sphx-glr-download sphx-glr-download-zip :download:`Download zipped: plot_mlp_training_curves.zip ` .. include:: plot_mlp_training_curves.recommendations .. only:: html .. rst-class:: sphx-glr-signature `Gallery generated by Sphinx-Gallery `_